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Johns Hopkins Symptoms and Remedies

Johns Hopkins Medicine

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Whiplash Cervical Acceleration/Deceleration Injuries

Sudden forward acceleration causes the head to be thrown back; the head is then thrown forward as the force of rear impact is absorbed.

What is it?

Whiplash is a neck injury sustained when the head is thrown backward and then forward (or vice versa) violently. Such trauma may damage the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and cartilaginous disks in the neck and may even result in fractures of the cervical (neck) vertebrae. Typically, pain and stiffness are much worse a day or two following the injury; fortunately, full recovery is likely.

What Causes It?

  • Car accidents (especially rear-end collisions) are the most common cause of whiplash.
  • Whiplash may occur during recreational activities like high-impact sports, dancing, and waterskiing.
  • Osteoarthritis of the spine may stiffen the spine and increase vulnerability to neck injuries.

Prevention

  • Use properly adjusted headrests in the car and always use lap and shoulder belts.

Diagnosis

  • X-rays of the neck and spine may be taken but are rarely helpful. Nevertheless, x-rays are felt to be necessary for medical/legal reasons.
  • Your doctor will perform a physical examination to detect changes in motor ability and sensation.

How to Treat It

  • Apply ice packs for the first 24 hours after the injury to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Take nonprescription pain relievers.
  • Sleep without a pillow. Instead, place a rolled towel (less than two inches in diameter) behind your neck, or sleep wearing a neck brace.Or sleep on your side, cupping your head with your hand.
  • After 24 hours, use either heat or ice packs as desired. Try hot showers or warm compresses.
  • Your doctor may recommend a padded neck brace or collar to immobilize the injured region for several days or weeks as pain subsides. In more severe cases, short-term traction may be recommended.
  • Muscle relaxants or narcotics may be prescribed in more severe cases. (Avoid alcohol with such drugs.)
  • During recuperation, don't lift heavy objects, and be especially cautious when driving.

When to Call a Doctor

  • Call a doctor if you suffer a painful neck injury or if you develop severe pain, numbness, or weakness in the arm or face.