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Ovarian Cysts, Benign

An ovarian cyst is a sac containing fluid that develops in the ovary. Cysts are usually detected during a routine pelvic examination.

What is it?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in the ovary.Ovarian cysts are common and, in the vast majority of cases, they are benign (noncancerous). They vary in size and may occur at different sites in the ovary; the most common type develops when an egg-containing follicle does not rupture and release the egg but instead swells with fluid and forms a follicular cyst. Benign ovarian cysts often cause no symptoms and are discovered incidentally during a routine pelvic examination. In some cases, however, they may alter hormone production in the ovaries or grow large enough to produce noticeable symptoms. Cysts often disappear on their own without any treatment, but in some cases they may require a surgical procedure. In rare cases a cyst that twists or ruptures may cause serious complications warranting emergency surgery.

What Causes It?

  • The cause of ovarian cysts is unknown.

Prevention

  • There are no known ways to prevent ovarian cysts.

Diagnosis

  • Gynecological examination is necessary. If a lump or mass in the ovary is detected, further tests are required to rule out the possibility of ovarian cancer.
  • Abdominal or pelvic ultrasonography may be performed.
  • Occasional CT scan or MRI may be needed.
  • A minor procedure called laparoscopy (insertion of a scope through a small incision in the abdomen to view the ovaries) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the size and position of the cyst.

How to Treat It

  • Ovarian cysts often disappear without treatment.
  • Surgery to remove the cyst may be needed if cancer is suspected, if the cyst does not go away, or if it causes symptoms. In many cases it can be removed without damaging the ovary, but sometimes the entire ovary has to be removed.
  • In some cases an ovarian cyst may be drained during laparoscopy (see Diagnosis) or by a needle guided by ultrasonography.

When to Call a Doctor

  • If you experience any of the symptoms of ovarian cysts, call a gynecologist.
  • EMERGENCY If you have been diagnosed with an ovarian cyst and you experience sudden, sharp abdominal pain, fever, or vomiting, see a doctor immediately.