Epididmitis
What is it?
Epididmitis is an infection of the epididymis, a tightly coiled, tubular structure located along the side of each testicle. Newly manufactured sperm cells mature as they slowly pass through the epididymis. The epididymal infection, which almost always affects only one epididymis, is common, easily treated, and not associated with permanent damage; however, epididymitis that affects both sides may lead to sterility if left untreated. Epididymitis rarely occurs prior to puberty.
What Causes It?
- A bacterial infection is the most common cause of epididymitis. The infection may be sexually transmitted or may spread from a bacterial infection in the bladder, urethra, or prostate.
- Straining upon urination may force urine into the reproductive tract and cause chemical irritation of the epididymis
- Genital injury is an uncommon cause.
- Urinary tract instrumentation (such as a catheter) or prostate surgery can lead to epididymitis.
Prevention
- Use a condom to help prevent sexually transmitted disease.
- Obtain prompt treatment for urinary tract infections (see Bladder Infection for more information).
Diagnosis
- Physical examination. A testes examination may be performed to feel for tender or painful areas.
- Samples of urine and prostate gland secretions may be taken.
How to Treat It
- Antibiotics are prescribed to treat a bacterial infection. Sexual partners may need to be treated as well.
- Over-the-counter analgesics may be used to ease pain and inflammation.
- Bed rest may be advised until symptoms subside. When resting, it is advised to support the scrotum on a rolled bath towel.
- An ice pack may be used to relieve swelling. (Heat should not be used, because it may damage sperm-producing cells.)
- Sexual activity should be avoided for as long as symptoms persist.
- An athletic supporter may ease discomfort during recuperation. Full recovery may take several weeks or longer.
- Surgical removal of the epididymis may be necessary for very severe or recurrent cases that do not respond to antibiotic therapy.
When to Call a Doctor
- Call a doctor for any severe or persistent testicular pain or swelling.
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Copyright © 2008 Medletter Associates, LLC
Content excerpted from Johns Hopkins Symptoms and Remedies: The Complete Home Medical Reference.