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Johns Hopkins Symptoms and Remedies

Johns Hopkins Medicine

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Bunions

What is it?

A bunion, medically referred to as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the big toe. The joint at the base of the big toe enlarges and protrudes, forcing the big toe to point inward toward the other toes. Shoes may exert pressure against the protruding joint, causing pain and irritation of the surrounding skin. Bunions are common and, while not serious, may be painful and limit the toe's range of motion. Bunions are ten times more common among women than men.

What Causes It?

  • Wearing shoes with pointed toes and high heels is the most common cause of painful bunions.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis may lead to joint deformity and the development of bunions.
  • The tendency to develop bunions may be partly inherited.

Prevention

  • Avoid high-heeled shoes whenever possible. Choose shoes with low heels and plenty of room for the toes.

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination and x-rays of the affected toe confirm the diagnosis.

How to Treat It

  • Avoid wearing high-heeled shoes, especially those with pointed toes. Stretching your shoes may provide extra room and offer some relief .
  • Commercially available felt pads or cushions may ease pressure from the shoe on the bunion and the other toes. Around the house it may be helpful to wear an old shoe with a hole cut out above the bunion.
  • Arch supports, or an orthotic shoe insert prescribed by your doctor, may help to redistribute weight on the foot.
  • Surgery to realign the joint and remove the bunion may be recommended in severe cases.

When to Call a Doctor

  • Make an appointment with a doctor if you experience continuing pain due to a bunion or if the bunion is interfering with walking or other activities.